Key Facts
Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder that can cause hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid. It is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries.
Pathophysiology
The immune system creates antibodies (Anti-TPO and Anti-Tg) that attack the thyroid gland. This leads to chronic lymphocytic infiltration and progressive destruction of thyroid follicles, eventually resulting in hormone deficiency.
Symptoms & Clinical Features
Diagnosis
High TSH and low Free T4 indicate hypothyroidism. The presence of Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) antibodies and Antithyroglobulin antibodies confirms Hashimoto's as the underlying cause.
Diagnostic Pathway
Initial Screening
Symptom review and baseline hormonal blood tests.
Confirmatory Testing
Advanced diagnostic protocols (e.g., OGTT, MRI, Suppression tests).
Personalized Plan
Tailored treatment strategy based on clinical results.
Treatment & Management
The primary treatment is thyroid hormone replacement therapy with Levothyroxine. Regular monitoring is required to adjust the dose as the autoimmune destruction of the gland progresses over time.
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